Falus - Anonymous Isfahan mint

Isfahan served as the Safavid imperial capital from 1598, and by the late seventeenth century its bazaars ranked among the busiest in the world — yet the copper fulus circulating in its markets were issued by the city itself rather than the royal mint, reflecting a longstanding Islamic monetary convention that left petty coinage to local authorities. The anonymity of these pieces was deliberate; no shah's name appears because urban copper was administratively beneath the dignity of royal silver and gold issues.

The span of KM references here suggests die variation across multiple decades of municipal production, likely with little standardization between individual striking sessions.