Fals - Qizil Arslan 'Uthman citing Seljuq Sanjar

正面描述	Irregular hammered copper flan bearing a bold Arabic legend in Naskhi script occupying the central field. The inscription, struck in high relief, references the name and titles of the Ildegizid ruler Qizil Arslan 'Uthman alongside the invocation of Seljuq suzerainty under Sanjar. The flan edges are characteristically uneven, reflecting the hand-struck production method typical of 12th-century Islamic copper coinage. Surface patination is consistent with age, with areas of natural oxidation across the field.
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背面文字	Arabic
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附加信息	Qizil Arslan 'Uthman ruled the Ildegizid atabegs of Azerbaijan for only three years before his assassination in 1191, a reign defined largely by his audacious seizure of the Seljuq sultan Toghril III — whom he imprisoned and effectively replaced as the dominant power in northwestern Persia. The citation of the long-dead Seljuq Sanjar on this fals, rather than the reigning sultan, is a deliberate legitimizing fiction: Sanjar had died in 1157, but invoking his name projected continuity with Seljuq authority while Qizil Arslan consolidated his own.

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