Fals - Kayqubad I

Kayqubad I ruled the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm at its territorial peak, having pushed westward to the Mediterranean coast and absorbed Sinope on the Black Sea — yet copper fals from his reign remain among the least-studied issues in Anatolian numismatics, largely overshadowed by his silver dirhams. Copper coinage under the Rûm Seljuks operated at an intensely local level, circulating within specific market towns rather than across the broader sultanate, which explains the significant variation in fabric and module encountered across surviving examples.