Fals - 'Ilkhan' Uljaytu Khan

Uljaytu's conversion to Twelver Shi'ism around 1309–1310 forced a significant administrative rupture across Ilkhanid coinage, with the Friday prayer formula and mint legends revised to reflect the new confession — a political provocation that alarmed Sunni neighbors and his own amirs alike. Copper fals of this reign rarely survive in attributable condition, partly because provincial mints operated with considerable autonomy and partly because base metal issues were simply not preserved with the care afforded silver dirhams.