Fals - 'Ilkhan' Ghazan Mahmud Khan

Ghazan's conversion to Islam in 1295 — the same year he seized the throne from Baydu — was a political and religious rupture that reshaped the Ilkhanate's coinage overnight. He took the name Mahmud, mandated Islam as the state religion, and ordered a sweeping monetary reform that replaced the existing coinage with issues explicitly declaring Mongol submission to Sunni orthodoxy. Copper fals of this reign circulated at the local market level where silver was too valuable for everyday transactions.

The Zeno reference places this piece within a type still being catalogued and attributed — provenance and mint attribution for many Ghazan copper issues remain contested among specialists.