Qaidu, the Ögedeid prince who dominated Central Asia from the 1260s until his death in 1301, never formally held the title of khan of the Chagatai ulus yet effectively controlled it for decades, keeping the region in near-constant conflict with Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty to the east. Anonymous copper issues from Kashghar under his influence reflect that political ambiguity — no ruler's name was safe to strike when sovereignty itself was contested. The Hijri year 675 falls squarely within his consolidation period, before the stalemate with Kublai hardened into permanent frontier war.
Qaidu, the Ögedeid prince who dominated Central Asia from the 1260s until his death in 1301, never formally held the title of khan of the Chagatai ulus yet effectively controlled it for decades, keeping the region in near-constant conflict with Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty to the east. Anonymous copper issues from Kashghar under his influence reflect that political ambiguity — no ruler's name was safe to strike when sovereignty itself was contested. The Hijri year 675 falls squarely within his consolidation period, before the stalemate with Kublai hardened into permanent frontier war.