Fals - Anonymous al-Urdunn

Al-Urdunn — the Jordan district — was one of the four administrative provinces (ajnad) carved out of Byzantine Palestine during the early Islamic conquest. Anonymous copper fals from this jund circulated locally as small change while the gold and silver coinage was being reformed under Abd al-Malik. That reform, completed around 696, pushed Byzantine-derived imagery off the coinage entirely, but the copper issues lagged behind, remaining administratively decentralized and variable in ways the prestige metals were not. The result is a series with considerable die variety and inconsistent execution that still frustrates clean attribution.