Fals - Anonymous al-Bahrayn

Lead fals are poorly documented within Umayyad numismatic literature, and al-Bahrayn issues compound that problem — the province encompassed the eastern Arabian littoral rather than the modern state, a geographic distinction that trips up attribution regularly. Album 137 covers a loose grouping of anonymous provincial issues where die links and provenance carry more weight than any single published reference. Lead as a coinage metal in this period typically indicates either extreme local copper shortages or quasi-official small-change production operating outside central Umayyad mint control from Damascus.