Fals - Anonymous

The Umayyad copper fals presents one of early Islamic numismatics' more complicated attribution problems. Unlike the reformed gold and silver coinage standardized under Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan after 696, copper remained largely unregulated by the central caliphate — local governors and municipal authorities struck it to their own weights and needs, which is precisely why so many fals survive without mint names or dating. The anonymity here is not damage or omission; it was the norm.

Album reference 194 places this among the broad category of post-reform transitional types that dropped Byzantine and Sasanian iconographic holdovers but hadn't yet settled into consistent epigraphic formats.