Fals - al-Nāṣir Muhammad I Hamah Mint

Al-Nāṣir Muhammad ibn Qalāwun ruled three separate times — deposed twice, restored twice — making his third reign (1310–1341) the longest continuous Mamluk sultanate of the medieval period. The Hamah mint operated under governors appointed from Cairo, and its copper fals output served local Levantine markets where silver dirhams were increasingly hoarded or exported. Hamah itself had been the seat of the Ayyubid Artuqid client dynasty until Qalāwun absorbed it definitively in 1299, and Mamluk minting there was still relatively recent when these pieces entered circulation.