Hamah's Ayyubid line under al-Mansur Muhammad II was among the longer-surviving provincial branches, holding out well after Saladin's immediate successors had been absorbed or extinguished by Mamluk expansion. Al-Mansur maintained his position through careful accommodation with the Mamluks — a strategy that preserved his emirate until 1284, when Sultan Qalawun finally annexed it outright. These copper fals circulated in a city whose political survival depended entirely on its ruler's diplomatic flexibility rather than military strength.
Hamah's Ayyubid line under al-Mansur Muhammad II was among the longer-surviving provincial branches, holding out well after Saladin's immediate successors had been absorbed or extinguished by Mamluk expansion. Al-Mansur maintained his position through careful accommodation with the Mamluks — a strategy that preserved his emirate until 1284, when Sultan Qalawun finally annexed it outright. These copper fals circulated in a city whose political survival depended entirely on its ruler's diplomatic flexibility rather than military strength.