Fals - al-Ashraf Sha'ban II al-Qahira Mint

Al-Ashraf Sha'ban II came to power as a child of around ten and ruled under the effective control of senior amirs until he asserted greater independence in his later years — a reign that ended when those same amirs had him strangled in 1377. Copper fals of this period were minted in substantial quantities at Cairo to facilitate low-value market transactions, though Mamluk copper coinage is notoriously difficult to attribute precisely given the inconsistency of dies and the frequency of overstruck specimens. Balog's corpus remains the essential reference, with type 447 among the better-documented emissions of this sultanate.