Écu au soleil - Francis I of France

Historical Context: The Écu au soleil, bearing the titulature of Francis I of France, represents a critical juncture in the Republic of Genoa's complex history. Issued 1527-1528, this coin dates precisely to the period of French domination during the War of the League of Cognac, prior to Andrea Doria's pivotal defection to Emperor Charles V in 1528. Its issuance by the Genoese mint, a strategically vital Mediterranean port, under French royal authority underscores the temporary yet profound foreign imposition on Genoese sovereignty and monetary policy, reflecting a period when the Republic's autonomy was largely eclipsed by French suzerainty.

Artistry: Stylistically, this Écu adapts the distinctive French royal motif of the crowned arms of France (three fleurs-de-lis) surmounted by the radiant sun, a potent symbol of monarchical power. While specific Genoese mint engravers from this tumultuous era are rarely individually documented for foreign-mandated issues, the execution would have conformed to the prevalent Early Renaissance aesthetics of northern Italy, albeit strictly adhering to prescribed French iconography. The design's clarity and regal symbolism were paramount, serving to assert royal authority rather than showcasing individual artistic flourish.

Technical/Grading: For grading this gold Écu (Fr#406, MIR#174, 3.35 gg), particular attention should be paid to the high-relief elements on both sides. On the obverse, crucial details include the pearls and fleurons of the crown, the intricate rendering of the fleurs-de-lis on the shield, and the delicate rays of the sun. On the reverse, the central elements of the ornate cross fleury and the 'F's in the angles are highly susceptible to wear. A strong, even strike is paramount for legibility of the legends and crispness of the devices, a challenge for 16th-century minting, and original luster retention significantly enhances value.