Dupondius - Tiberius C VIBIO MARSO PROCS III C SALLVSTIVS IVSTVS IIV M M I V
| Issuer | Utica (Africa Proconsularis) |
|---|---|
| Year | 29-30 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
| Value | Dupondius (1/8) |
| Currency | Denarius (49 BC to AD 215) |
| Composition | Bronze |
| Weight | 18.92 g |
| Diameter | 31 mm |
| Thickness | |
| Shape | Round (irregular) |
| Technique | Hammered |
| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
| Engraver(s) | |
| In circulation to | |
| Reference(s) | I#740 , MAA#114 |
| Obverse description | Bare head of Tiberius left. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering |
TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVSTVS IMP VIII (Translation: Tiberius Caesar, son of the divine Augustus, Augustus, commander for the eighth time) |
| Reverse description | Livia seated, right, holding patera and sceptre. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
| Reverse lettering |
C VIBIO MARSO PROCS III C SALLVSTIVS IVSTVS IIV M M I V (Translation: under Gaius Vibius Marsus, proconsul for the third time; Gaius Sallustius Iustus, duovir; the M— Julian municipality of Utica) |
| Edge | |
| Mint | |
| Mintage |
ND (29-30) - - |
| Numisquare ID | 2208333810 |
| Additional information |
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Historical Context: This bronze Dupondius, issued in Utica, Africa Proconsularis, dates to 29-30 AD, firmly within the reign of Emperor Tiberius. Its significance lies in its explicit naming of local magistrates, C. Vibius Marsus and C. Sallustius Iustus, identifying them as PROCS III (likely Proconsul for the third time) and IIV M M I V (possibly Duoviri or other monetary officials). Such issues from provincial mints like Utica, a vital Roman administrative and commercial center, illustrate the interplay between imperial authority and local autonomy. These coins served as essential local currency, simultaneously affirming Tiberius's rule and celebrating the local civic leadership responsible for their production.
Artistry: The artistic style of this Dupondius aligns with provincial Roman numismatic traditions, characterized by a blend of imperial iconography and local execution. While no specific engraver is known, the portrait of Tiberius on the obverse would reflect the standard, somewhat severe and unidealized imperial likeness prevalent during his reign. The reverse design would typically feature an imperial symbol, a local deity, or a civic emblem, accompanied by the prominent legends detailing the issuing magistrates. The overall aesthetic prioritizes clear legibility of the imperial and local inscriptions, essential for both propaganda and practical use, rather than the refined idealization often seen in metropolitan Roman coinage.
Technical/Grading: Struck on a substantial bronze flan weighing 18.92 grams and measuring 31 mm, this Dupondius would present several key high-points for evaluation. On the obverse, these would include the highest relief areas of Tiberius's portrait, such as the hair, nose, and ear. For the reverse, the central device and the full legends, particularly the names and titles of C. Vibius Marsus and C. Sallustius Iustus, are critical. Provincial bronzes often exhibit variability in strike quality, including potential for minor off-centering, uneven strike pressure leading to softer areas, or minor flan imperfections. Legibility of all inscriptions and the clarity of the imperial portrait are paramount indicators of technical quality for this specific issue.