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Dukat toruński - Jan II Kazimierz Waza Toruń mint
| Issuer | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
|---|---|
| Year | 1649-1668 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse lettering | MONETA AUREA CIVIT THORUNENSIS 16-49 G-R |
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| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
The Toruń mint operated under a royal privilege granted to the city, one of the few municipal mints permitted to strike gold in the Commonwealth. Jan II Kazimierz's reign coincided with the catastrophic Swedish invasions known as the Deluge — a period during which the mint's output was repeatedly disrupted, making consistent annual production across this type genuinely difficult to document. The five Kop references here reflect distinct die marriages across the reign rather than separate date issues, a distinction that matters considerably for attribution.