Ducat

Bern's ducats of this period were struck to the Venetian weight standard that had governed European gold trade since the 13th century, making them directly interchangeable with coins from Venice, the Habsburg lands, and the German Imperial cities. The city's monetary authority was well-established by 1600, and Bernese gold was trusted across the Swiss Confederation and into the Rhineland trade networks.

HMZ 2-188b distinguishes this as a specific die variety within Bern's early 17th-century ducat production — a series notorious among Swiss specialists for minor legend and mintmaster variations that the Historical-Monetary Gazetteer catalogued across multiple suffixed entries.