Dubbele Groot - Frederik van Blankenheim

Frederik van Blankenheim held the see of Utrecht for three decades, an unusually long tenure that coincided with the deepest turbulence of the Western Schism — a period when even episcopal minting authority became a political tool, with coin types signaling allegiance as much as facilitating trade. The bishopric's mint output under Blankenheim was substantial and varied, with the dubbele groot among the more frequently encountered denominations from his reign.

The multiple vdChielen references reflect genuine die variation across the issue rather than cataloging error — not surprising for a thirty-year production run.