Drachm Panticapaeum

Panticapaeum, the dominant city of the Cimmerian Bosporus, began issuing silver coinage in the early fourth century as the Spartocid dynasty consolidated control over the grain trade routes connecting the Black Sea steppe to Athens. Athenian dependence on Bosporan wheat was substantial enough that the city granted Spartocid rulers honorary Athenian citizenship — a political calculation that shaped the entire economic framework within which this drachm circulated.

Anokhin's sequencing places this issue early in that relationship, before the dynasty's coinage fully standardized.