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Drachm
| Issuer | Kibyra (Phrygia) |
|---|---|
| Year | 166 BC - 84 BC |
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| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
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| Reverse description | A helmeted and cuirassed horseman advancing at full gallop to the right, brandishing a long spear in his raised right hand and carrying a round shield on his left arm, conveying dynamic martial vigour in the Hellenistic tradition. Behind the horse, a caduceus is depicted as a secondary symbol in the field. The ethnic legend ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ appears in the field, accompanied by the magistrate's initials ΠΜ, identifying both the issuing city of Kibyra and the responsible official. |
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| Reverse lettering | ΠΜ ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ |
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| Additional information |
Kibyra was one of the more politically consequential cities of inland Anatolia — a regional power that controlled a tetrapolis before Roman intervention broke it apart around 166 BC, which marks precisely the opening of this coin's issue window. The city's submission to the Roman commander Gnaeus Manlius Vulso had already been secured decades earlier with a crushing indemnity of 25 talents and 10,000 medimni of grain, a settlement that shaped Kibyra's cautious relationship with Roman authority throughout this entire coinage period.
The series closes around 84 BC, when Sulla's reorganization of Asia following the First Mithridatic War reshuffled civic authority across the region.