Douzain of Dauphine - Francis I 6th type

The douzain — worth twelve deniers — became the backbone of everyday French commerce in the sixteenth century, and Francis I struck enormous quantities across multiple types as his wars in Italy drained the treasury and demanded constant monetary output. The sixth type for the Dauphiné region reflects the king's particular attention to his eastern territories, where proximity to Italian banking networks made reliable billon coinage a political as much as a practical necessity.

The Ciani gap is worth noting: his absence of a listing suggests this type either eluded his census or was conflated with an adjacent variety.