Double Tournois - Louis XIII Bordeaux mint, 10th type

The Double Tournois series under Louis XIII ran through an extraordinary number of type changes — ten distinct emissions across his reign — driven largely by repeated efforts to combat counterfeiting and edge-clipping that plagued small copper coinage throughout the first half of the seventeenth century. The Bordeaux mint, operating under the mint mark D, was one of the more productive provincial houses for this denomination, serving the commercial needs of southwestern France and the Atlantic trade corridor.

By the 10th type in 1637, France was three years into active involvement in the Thirty Years' War, with military expenditure placing considerable strain on the treasury and accelerating the velocity of petty coinage in circulation.