Double Tournois - Charles I 16th type

Historical Context: This Double Tournois, dated 1636, was issued by Charles I, Prince of Arches and Charleville. Charles, son of Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, established this independent principality in 1608, strategically located between France and the Spanish Netherlands. The coin’s issuance underscores the principality’s sovereignty and its need for local currency amidst the tumultuous early Thirty Years' War, a period of significant economic strain. It served essential daily commercial transactions.

Artistry: While the specific engraver remains undocumented, the coin's design adheres to prevailing early Baroque numismatic traditions, influenced by French royal coinage. The obverse typically features a laureate and draped bust of Prince Charles I, often facing right, symbolizing his authority. The reverse commonly displays a cross fleury, frequently with lilies in the angles, encircled by the legend, reflecting both religious piety and heraldic symbols. The "16th type" suggests minor die variations within this established iconography.

Technical/Grading: As a copper issue, this Double Tournois (2.5 gg, 20 mm) often exhibits characteristics typical of 17th-century base metal coinage. Key high-points susceptible to wear include the prince's hair, laurel wreath, and shoulder on the obverse, and the central elements of the cross on the reverse. Strikes can range from full to somewhat weak or uneven, often showing minor planchet imperfections or slight off-centering. Preservation is crucial, as copper is prone to environmental damage, including corrosion and verdigris.