Double Sol - Philip II

Roussillon remained under Spanish-Habsburg administration throughout this period, having been ceded to Aragon in 1258 and passing to Castile through the dynastic union — but the county retained its own distinct monetary issues rather than simply absorbing Castilian coinage. Philip II's final years, when this piece was struck, were marked by chronic treasury exhaustion from the Netherlands campaigns and the aftermath of the Armada disaster of 1588, driving repeated debasements of billon coinage across peripheral territories.