Double Denier - Albert and Isabella 2nd type

Albert and Isabella governed the Spanish Netherlands as a nominally sovereign couple, but their authority over coinage was tightly constrained by Madrid. The double denier was the lowest practical denomination in daily Flemish commerce — the coin that bought bread, not policy. This second type, distinguished from the first by minor die modifications catalogued by Vanhoudt, was struck through the final decade of Albert's rule before his death in 1621 returned the territories to direct Spanish crown control, ending the brief experiment in delegated sovereignty.