Doppio Giulio - Clement XIII Bust

Clement XIII spent much of his pontificate locked in an existential struggle with the Bourbon monarchies of France, Spain, and Naples over the Society of Jesus — a fight he ultimately lost. The Jesuits were expelled from France in 1764, from Spain in 1767, and suppressed entirely four years after his death. Coinage struck under his name during these years was produced against a backdrop of sustained diplomatic siege, with the papacy hemorrhaging temporal influence across Catholic Europe.

The Doppio Giulio, worth two giulii or one-fifth of a scudo, was a workhorse denomination of the papal monetary system. The multiple MIR references suggest at least two distinct bust varieties across this issue's run.