Dirham - Tarmashirin 'twins type' Bukhara mint

Tarmashirin Khan ruled the Chagatai Khanate from roughly 1331 until his violent overthrow in 1334, becoming the first Chagatai ruler to formally embrace Islam and impose it on his court — a decision that alienated the nomadic Mongol faction of his realm and directly precipitated his downfall. The so-called "twins type" designation refers to a die pairing anomaly documented in this series, where near-identical obverse and reverse layouts create a visual mirroring effect unusual enough to have generated its own collector shorthand. Bukhara, long the commercial and religious heart of Transoxiana, functioned as the primary mint for the western Chagatai territories throughout this period.