Dirham - Qutb al-Din Sukman II

Qutb al-Din Sukman II ruled the Artuqid branch centered at Hisn Kayfa — the fortress city perched above the Tigris in what is now southeastern Turkey — during a period when the dynasty was navigating increasingly difficult relationships with both the Ayyubids to the south and the Seljuq successor states to the north. His copper issues are notable within the Artuqid series for their relatively ambitious weight and the dynasty's broader habit of adapting Byzantine and ancient figural iconography onto Islamic coinage, a practice rooted in the population they governed rather than any doctrinal exception.