Dirham - Qutb al-Din il-Ghazi II

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背面描述	The reverse bears a multi-line Arabic inscription arranged in five horizontal lines across the central field, with additional legend segments extending along the lateral margins. The text, executed in Naskhi script, contains the ruler's titles and name within a beaded outer border. The inscription is heavily worn in places but the characteristic Artuqid formula naming Qutb al-Din il-Ghazi II and his suzerain acknowledgments remains legible.
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边缘	Plain
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附加信息	The Artuqid rulers of Mardin operated in a perpetually contested borderland between the Seljuk Turks, the Zengids, and the ambitions of Saladin to the south. Qutb al-Din il-Ghazi II navigated this with persistent diplomatic maneuvering, at times nominally acknowledging Zengid suzerainty while maintaining effective independence. His copper issues were the workhorses of local trade across the upper Jazira. Artuqid copper coinage of this period is noted for its iconographic eclecticism, drawing on Byzantine, Seljuk, and ancient sources — a product of the multicultural workshop traditions in Mardin. The A#1828.2 variety falls within a series whose die production appears to have been ongoing across the full reign rather than minted in discrete campaigns.

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