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Dirham 'Power to Allah' - temp. Mangu Timur Khwarizm mint

Issuer Golden Horde
Year 1279
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse description Central field occupied by a multi-line Arabic religious inscription set within a cartouche, reading 'al-mulk lillah al-wahid al-qahhar' (Power belongs to Allah, the One, the Almighty). The script is rendered in a bold, somewhat cursive Naskh style typical of Golden Horde hammered coinage. The flan is irregular and slightly ragged at the periphery, consistent with hand-cut planchet preparation of the period.
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Reverse description Central field bears a Mongol tamga symbol above a multi-line Arabic inscription recording the mint name and AH date. The tamga, serving as the dynastic emblem of the ruling Jochid khans, is prominently placed in the upper field. The surrounding Arabic legend occupies the lower portion of the flan in several horizontal lines, with the coin's characteristic irregular edge and granular border visible at the periphery.
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