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| 正面描述 | Hammered silver dirham struck in the Samanid tradition, displaying a central field divided into three registers of Kufic Arabic script containing the Islamic shahada. The central legend reads the declaration of faith in four lines, enclosed within a single-line inner circle. A circular marginal legend band surrounds the central device, separated by a beaded border, containing the mint name Suwar, the date (366 AH), and the basmala formula. The flan is irregular and broader than the dies, characteristic of Volga Bulgarian imitative coinage of the late 10th century. |
|---|---|
| 正面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 正面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面描述 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面文字 | Arabic |
| 背面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 边缘 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸造量 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 附加信息 |
Volga Bulgaria's imitative dirham series presents one of the more complex problems in early medieval Islamic numismatics. These pieces were struck by a Turkic-Bulgar polity along the middle Volga that had adopted Islam in 922 following Ibn Fadlan's famous embassy, and they mimicked Samanid coinage circulating through the fur-trade networks connecting Central Asia to Scandinavia. The Suwar mint — a significant Bulgar urban center — issued coins that superficially passed as Samanid product, easing their acceptance in long-distance commerce where coin identity mattered more than issuing authority.
The name Mumin b. Ahmad on this piece does not correspond to any known Samanid ruler, confirming the purely imitative — and locally invented — nature of the attribution.