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Dirham - Moulay Sulayman 4th Standard, Essaouira
| Issuer | Sultanate of Morocco |
|---|---|
| Year | 1801-1805 |
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| Composition | Silver |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Central field contains a four-line Arabic inscription identifying the issuing authority and mint, reading 'Al-Sultan / Sulayman / Dar al-Darb al-Suwaira / 1216.' The regnal name of Sultan Moulay Sulayman is prominently displayed, with the mint name Essaouira (al-Suwaira) and the Hijri date appearing in the lower registers. The numeral date is struck in a bold, somewhat compressed style consistent with the hammered coinage of this series. The flan exhibits the irregular outline and surface texture typical of hand-struck Moroccan dirhams of the period. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Moulay Sulayman's reign saw Morocco retreat sharply from European commercial entanglement — a deliberate policy that disrupted the Atlantic port trade Essaouira had been built to facilitate. Coins struck there during this period circulated within an economy his own policies were actively contracting.
The 4th standard designation reflects successive debasement adjustments across his reign as the makhzen struggled with revenue shortfalls following plague outbreaks in the early 1800s that depopulated significant portions of the northern interior.