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Dirham - Moulay Sulayman 4th Standard, Essaouira

Issuer Sultanate of Morocco
Year 1801-1805
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Weight 2.15 g
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Obverse description Central field bears the Islamic shahada inscription in two lines of Arabic script, reading 'There is no god but God / Muhammad is the Messenger of God.' The legends are rendered in a bold, angular hand typical of Moroccan hammered coinage of the early 19th century. The flan is irregularly shaped with a slightly uneven edge, characteristic of the hammered technique employed at the Essaouira mint. No border or decorative device frames the inscription.
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Obverse lettering لا إله إلا الله
محمد رسول الله
Reverse description Central field contains a four-line Arabic inscription identifying the issuing authority and mint, reading 'Al-Sultan / Sulayman / Dar al-Darb al-Suwaira / 1216.' The regnal name of Sultan Moulay Sulayman is prominently displayed, with the mint name Essaouira (al-Suwaira) and the Hijri date appearing in the lower registers. The numeral date is struck in a bold, somewhat compressed style consistent with the hammered coinage of this series. The flan exhibits the irregular outline and surface texture typical of hand-struck Moroccan dirhams of the period.
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