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Dirham - Mangu Timur Qutlughkand mint
| Issuer | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Year | 1273-1279 |
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| Currency | Dinar (1227-1502) |
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| Obverse description | Central field bearing a multi-line Arabic religious or royal legend in Naskh script, disposed across the flan in the characteristic dense arrangement of Golden Horde hammered coinage. The inscription is set within a plain field without a formal border, the irregular flan edge showing the characteristic uneven outline of hand-struck production. Diacritical points are visible throughout the legend, and the overall die work displays the bold, somewhat compressed letterforms typical of mid-13th-century Jochid mint practice. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Arabic |
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| Additional information |
Mangu Timur ruled the Golden Horde from 1267 to 1280, and his reign marked a decisive political shift — he was the first Jochid khan to issue coins in his own name rather than continuing the fiction of subordination to the Great Khan in Karakorum. The Qutlughkand mint is not among the Horde's major production centers, and dirhams attributable to it from this reign are correspondingly scarce in collections outside former Soviet institutional holdings.