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| 正面描述 | Central field bearing a multi-line Arabic legend in cursive script, proclaiming the royal titulature of Khan Toqtamish. The inscription reads the sovereign's name and title arranged in stacked horizontal lines occupying the majority of the flan. Pellet ornaments and decorative diacritical dots are interspersed among the letterforms, characteristic of late Golden Horde epigraphy. The flan is irregular in outline, as typical of hammered coinage of the period, with the legend occasionally running to the flan edge. |
|---|---|
| 正面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 正面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面描述 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面文字 | Arabic |
| 背面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 边缘 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸造量 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 附加信息 |
Toqtamysh is among the most consequential — and ultimately tragic — rulers the Golden Horde produced. He unified the fractured western and eastern wings of the khanate in the 1370s with Timur's backing, then had the audacity to sack Moscow in 1382. The alliance with Timur collapsed into open war, and by 1395 Timur had devastated the Horde's commercial heartland so thoroughly that many of its minting cities never recovered. This Qrim issue dates to that precipice year, struck just before the catastrophe at the Terek River ended Toqtamysh's effective control of the western steppe.