Tochtamysh — the khan who briefly reunified the fragmented Golden Horde in the 1380s under Timurid patronage, then turned against Timur himself — struck dirhams across a wide network of mints as a direct assertion of administrative control. Qrim, the Crimean mint, was among the most productive of these, sitting astride trade routes feeding into the Black Sea commercial network that Genoese merchants depended on.
This issue falls precisely within the window before Timur's devastating retaliatory campaigns of 1391 and 1395, which effectively broke Horde power and left many of these mints inactive for years.
Tochtamysh — the khan who briefly reunified the fragmented Golden Horde in the 1380s under Timurid patronage, then turned against Timur himself — struck dirhams across a wide network of mints as a direct assertion of administrative control. Qrim, the Crimean mint, was among the most productive of these, sitting astride trade routes feeding into the Black Sea commercial network that Genoese merchants depended on.
This issue falls precisely within the window before Timur's devastating retaliatory campaigns of 1391 and 1395, which effectively broke Horde power and left many of these mints inactive for years.