Dirham - Badr b. Khattal Huzu, citing the caliph al-Mustakfi

Al-Mustakfi's caliphate lasted barely a year. He was blinded and deposed by the Buyid amir Mu'izz al-Dawla in 946 — the very year this dirham was struck — making coins citing his name extraordinarily time-sensitive artifacts of a collapsing Abbasid authority. The Julandids of Oman citing a caliph simultaneously being neutralized in Baghdad is precisely the kind of administrative lag that makes provincial Islamic coinage historically revealing.