Dirham - Anonymous citing Qa'an al-Adil

The anonymous "Qa'an al-Adil" formula — invoking a just khan without naming him — emerged from a specific political tension within the Ilkhanate: Mongol rulers governing a predominantly Muslim population while themselves remaining shamanist, Buddhist, or nominally Christian for much of the dynasty's early decades. Naming a non-Muslim sovereign on Islamic coinage was legitimately awkward, and this honorific formula offered a workable compromise that satisfied the mint without requiring a confession of faith from the khan.

Album's A#2136 encompasses a long span precisely because the type persisted across multiple reigns. Attributing individual pieces to specific rulers depends entirely on mint and date — neither of which this listing specifies.