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Dirham - Anonymous
| Issuer | Abbasid Caliphate |
|---|---|
| Year | 811-833 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Central field displays a five-line Kufic Arabic inscription comprising the name of God and the second part of the Shahada: 'For God / Muhammad / is the Messenger / of God,' followed by the name of the governor or mint official 'Harthama.' The surrounding marginal legend carries the Quranic verse (Quran 9:33): 'Muhammad is the Messenger of God. He sent him with guidance and the religion of truth to make it prevail over all religions, even though the polytheists hate it.' The calligraphy is angular Kufic throughout, consistent with standard Abbasid dirham typology. No figural or ornamental motifs appear; the design is entirely epigraphic. |
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| Mintage | 195 (811) - Nishapur 196 (812) - al-Muhammadiya 196 (812) - Balkh 196 (812) - Bukhara 196 (812) - Herat 196 (812) - Isbahan 196 (812) - Nishapur 196 (812) - Samarqand 197 (813) - al-Muhammadiya 197 (813) - Balkh 197 (813) - Herat 197 (813) - Isbahan 197 (813) - Marw 197 (813) - Nishapur 197 (813) - Samarqand 198 (814) - al-Basra 198 (814) - al-Muhammadiya 198 (814) - Balkh 198 (814) - Herat 198 (814) - Isbahan 198 (814) - Madinat al-Salam 198 (814) - Marw 198 (814) - Nishapur 198 (814) - Samarqand 199 (815) - al-Basra 199 (815) - al-Kufa 199 (815) - al-Muhammadiya 199 (815) - al-Rafiqa 199 (815) - al-Raqqa 199 (815) - Balkh 199 (815) - Herat 199 (815) - Isbahan 199 (815) - Ma‘din Bajunays 199 (815) - Madinat al-Salam 199 (815) - Misr 199 (815) - Nishapur 199 (815) - Samarqand 199 (815) - Zaranj 200 (816) - al-Basra 200 (816) - al-Kufa 200 (816) - al-Muhammadiya 200 (816) - al-Rafiqa 200 (816) - Isbahan 200 (816) - Ma‘din Bajunays 200 (816) - Madinat al-Salam 200 (816) - Misr 200 (816) - Nishapur 200 (816) - Samarqand 200 (816) - Wasit 200 (816) - Zaranj 201 (816) - al-Basra 201 (816) - al-Kufa 201 (816) - al-Muhammadiya 201 (816) - Fustat Misr 201 (816) - Isbahan 201 (816) - Ma‘din Bajunays 201 (816) - Madinat al-Salam 201 (816) - Makka 201 (816) - Nishapur 201 (816) - Samarqand 201 (816) - Zaranj 202 (817) - al-Basra 202 (817) - al-Kufa 202 (817) - Arminiya 202 (817) - Fustat Misr 202 (817) - Isbahan 202 (817) - Ma‘din Bajunays 202 (817) - Madinat al-Salam 202 (817) - Makka 202 (817) - Nishapur 202 (817) - Samarqand 202 (817) - Zaranj 203 (818) - al-Basra 203 (818) - al-Kufa 203 (818) - Arminiya 203 (818) - Ma‘din Bajunays 203 (818) - Madinat al-Salam 203 (818) - Nishapur 203 (818) - Samarqand 203 (818) - Wasit 203 (818) - Zaranj 204 (819) - al-Basra 204 (819) - al-Kufa 204 (819) - al-Muhammadiya 204 (819) - Arminiya 204 (819) - Ma‘din Bajunays 204 (819) - Samarqand 204 (819) - Zaranj 205 (820) - al-Muhammadiya 205 (820) - Arminiya 205 (820) - Ma‘din Bajunays 205 (820) - Samarqand 205 (820) - Zaranj 206 (821) - Arminiya 206 (821) - Ma‘din Bajunays 206 (821) - Samarqand 207 (822) - Arminiya 207 (822) - Ma‘din Bajunays 208 (823) - Ma‘din Bajunays 209 (824) - Ma‘din Bajunays 210 (825) - Ma‘din Bajunays 211 (826) - Ma‘din Bajunays 212 (827) - Dimashq 212 (827) - Ma‘din Bajunays 212 (827) - Misr 213 (828) - Dimashq 213 (828) - Ma‘din Bajunays 213 (828) - Misr 214 (829) - Ma‘din Bajunays 215 (830) - Arran 215 (830) - Ma‘din Bajunays 216 (831) - Arran 216 (831) - Ma‘din Bajunays 217 (832) - Arminiya 217 (832) - Arran 217 (832) - Ma‘din Bajunays 218 (833) - Arminiya 218 (833) - Arran |
| Additional information |
Album 223.4 falls within the caliphate of al-Ma'mun, who seized power after the civil war against his brother al-Amin ended in 813. The anonymous attribution is deliberate — al-Ma'mun suppressed his own name from coinage during a period of political realignment, replacing it with the name of Ali al-Ridha, the eighth Shia imam he had controversially designated as his heir. When al-Ridha died in 818, possibly by poisoning, al-Ma'mun reversed course entirely and reasserted Abbasid orthodoxy. The anonymity on surviving dirhams is a direct artifact of that ideological turbulence.