Dirham - al-Zahir Jaqmaq

Al-Zahir Jaqmaq came to power in 1438 after the deposition of Barsbay, ruling for fifteen years in a period of relative fiscal strain — Mamluk silver coinage had been deteriorating in fineness for decades, and dirham production under Jaqmaq reflects ongoing efforts to stabilize a currency repeatedly undermined by debasement and the dominance of Venetian ducats in Levantine trade. His reign saw sporadic attempts at monetary reform that ultimately failed to reverse the long contraction of the Mamluk silver economy.