Dirham - al-Nasir Yusuf - 'al-Nasir Yusuf II' Square in the cirle type - Damascus

Historical Context: This silver dirham was issued by al-Nasir Yusuf (II), the final prominent Ayyubid ruler of Syria, during his tumultuous reign (1251-1259). Governing from Aleppo and Damascus, he confronted formidable pressures from the rising Mamluks and impending Mongol invasions. Minted under Aleppo's authority, likely for Damascus, this coin represents the dwindling Ayyubid power in the Levant, a period of intense geopolitical strife culminating in the dynasty's collapse under Mongol might.

Artistry: This dirham exemplifies the distinctive Ayyubid Syrian numismatic style, famously the "Square in the circle" type. While the engraver is unrecorded, the coin’s artistry adheres to established mid-13th century calligraphic traditions. The central square field typically presents the ruler's name and titles, often with religious declarations. The surrounding circular legends convey the mint, Damascus, and date, all executed in elegant Kufic or Naskh script, balancing legibility with aesthetic sophistication.

Technical/Grading: Weighing approximately 3 grams of silver, this dirham aligns with the period's standard specifications. Crucial technical aspects for evaluation include the clarity and completeness of inscriptions within both the square and circular fields. High-points prone to weakness or wear often include the outer edges of circular legends and central elements of the square. A superior strike exhibits crisp, full legends, precise centering, and a sharply defined square, reflecting meticulous die work from the Damascus mint.