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Dirham - al-Hakam I

Issuer Emirate of Córdoba
Year 797-821
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Weight 2.70 g
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Obverse script Arabic
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Reverse description The reverse field displays multiple horizontal lines of Kufic Arabic script arranged in the central zone, presenting Quranic verses from Surat al-Ikhlas (112) and the Prophetic mission formula. A continuous circular marginal legend in Arabic script encircles the central inscription, separated by a beaded inner ring. The lettering is executed in the angular Kufic style characteristic of Andalusian Umayyad dirhams of the early ninth century. The overall design is entirely epigraphic, with no decorative or figural elements, consistent with orthodox Islamic numismatic tradition.
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Reverse lettering الله احد الله الصمد لم يلد و لم يولد و لم يكن له كفوا احد محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهدى و دين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله ولو كره المشركون
(Translation: God is One God The eternal and indivisible, who has not begotten, and has not been begotten and never is there His equal Muhammad is the messenger of God. He sent him with guidance and the true religion to reveal it to all religions even if the polytheists abhor it.)
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