Dinero - Fernando IV Cordoba

Fernando IV inherited the Castilian throne at age nine, and the regency period that followed was characterized by persistent baronial rebellion and rival claimants — his mother María de Molina spent much of the reign fighting off challenges from the Infante Juan and other pretenders. Billon coinage from this reign circulated under constant monetary pressure, with debasement used as a fiscal tool to fund both military campaigns and noble appeasement.

Fernando died in 1312 at age twenty-six, reportedly in good health the night before — giving rise to the epithet *El Emplazado*, "the Summoned," after two brothers he had condemned allegedly cited divine judgment against him thirty days hence.