Dinero - Alfonso X 2nd Granada war

Alfonso X financed his second Granada campaign through emergency billon issues like this one, sharply debasing the coinage as royal treasury reserves collapsed under sustained military expenditure. The crown had already defaulted on payments to Castilian nobility by the mid-1270s, and the inflationary spiral triggered by these lightweight dineros contributed directly to the baronial revolts that consumed the final decade of his reign — his own son Sancho leading the rebellion that reduced Alfonso to ruling in name only over a rump territory around Seville.