Dinero - Alfonso X 1st Granada war

Alfonso X financed the First Granada War — triggered by the Mudéjar revolt of 1264, backed by Muhammad I of Granada and the Marinid sultanate of Morocco — through emergency billon issues like this dinero, debased well below the silver content of earlier Leonese and Castilian monetary standards. The revolt simultaneously engulfed Andalusia and Murcia, stretching royal resources thin enough that monetary debasement became a fiscal tool as much as a military one.