Dinar - Sultan Ahmad Shemakhi mint

The Jalayirids ruled Iraq and northwestern Iran under constant pressure — first from the Golden Horde, then from Timur, whose campaigns sacked Baghdad in 1393 and again in 1401, forcing Sultan Ahmad ibn Uwais into repeated exile. Coinage from the Shemakhi mint, located in what is now Azerbaijan, reflects those intervals when Jalayirid authority briefly reasserted itself in the Caucasian periphery rather than the dynastic heartland.

The thirty-year span of this issue masks significant discontinuity. Ahmad was physically absent from his territories for years at a stretch, sheltering with the Mamluks and the Qara Qoyunlu in turn.