Dinar - Mu'izz al-din Muhammad b. Sam Kannauj mint

Historical Context: This gold Dinar, minted at Kannauj between 1193 and 1206, represents the zenith of Ghurid power under Sultan Mu'izz al-din Muhammad b. Sam, often known as Muhammad of Ghor. His reign was transformative, marking the decisive expansion of Muslim rule into the Indian subcontinent. The issuance of coinage from Kannauj, a historically significant Hindu capital conquered in 1194, underscored the Ghurid consolidation of authority over the Gangetic plains, laying the groundwork for the future Delhi Sultanate. This coin is a tangible artifact of a pivotal era in South Asian history.

Artistry: Following established Islamic numismatic traditions, the artistry of this Dinar is primarily epigraphic, featuring elegant Arabic calligraphy. While the specific engraver remains anonymous, the design adheres to the Ghurid stylistic school, prioritizing legibility and the conveying of religious and political legitimacy through text. The obverse typically presents the Kalima (Shahada), while the reverse details the ruler’s name, titles, mint, and date. The script, likely a refined Kufic or early Naskh, exhibits a balance of decorative flourish and clear inscription, characteristic of high-value Ghurid gold coinage.

Technical/Grading: Struck in gold, weighing 4.17 grams and measuring 22 millimeters, this Dinar conforms to the standard specifications for its type. Technical strike qualities are generally robust for Ghurid gold issues, with a good degree of planchet preparation. High-points for grading typically include the apexes of the calligraphic ascenders and the intricate flourishes within the legends. A well-centered strike, with complete and sharp legends on both sides, would indicate a superior example, reflecting the careful minting practices for these prestigious gold issues.