Dinar - Khumarawayh b. Ahmad

Khumarawayh succeeded his father Ahmad ibn Tulun in 884 and almost immediately proved a more capable military commander than administrator. He defeated an Abbasid punitive expedition at the Battle of the Tharthar in 885, securing Tulunid control over Syria and Egypt for another decade. That military confidence translated into monetary ambition — Tulunid dinars of this period maintained exceptionally high gold finesse, deliberately matching or exceeding Abbasid weight standards to assert fiscal credibility without formal caliphal sanction.

Khumarawayh's reign ended with his murder by his own servants in 896, after which the dynasty collapsed within a generation.