Dinar - Al-Mustansir Billah

Al-Mustansir's reign of 60 years is the longest of any caliph in Islamic history, but the first half was defined by a catastrophic famine that struck Egypt between 1065 and 1072 — seven years of Nile flood failure that reduced Cairo to cannibalism and drove the caliph's own treasury to near collapse. Gold coinage from the early reign reflects a functioning Fatimid monetary system; issues struck during or just after the famine years show subtle but documented weight inconsistencies as the state scrambled to maintain specie output.

The Fatimid mint at al-Mahrusa (Cairo) was the primary source, though provincial dies from Alexandria and occasionally Upper Egyptian mints complicate attribution within the long series.