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Dinar - Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad I Bijaya
| Issuer | Hafsid dynasty |
|---|---|
| Year | 1249-1277 |
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| Currency | Dinar (1229-1574) |
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| Obverse description | Hammered gold dinar struck at Bijaya under Hafsid rule. The obverse features a central square frame enclosing four lines of Arabic inscription: the Shahada declaration of faith reading 'There is no god but God, Muhammad is the Messenger of God, He sent him with guidance.' A surrounding marginal legend, taken from Quranic verse 9:33, reads: 'and the religion of truth to make it prevail over all religions, even if the polytheists are averse.' The calligraphy is executed in a dense, angular Kufic-influenced style typical of Hafsid gold coinage, with the square frame subdivided by ruling lines. The fields show the characteristic irregular flan and slightly uneven strike common to hammered issues of this period. |
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| Reverse description | The reverse presents a central square compartment bearing three lines of Arabic inscription identifying the ruler: 'Al-Imam / Abu Abd Allah / Muhammad.' The marginal legend surrounding the central square reads 'Amir al-Muminin' (Commander of the Faithful), affirming the Hafsid claim to the caliphal title. The layout mirrors the obverse with a prominent ruled square frame and dense Maghrebi-Kufic lettering. The strike, as is typical for hammered Hafsid dinars, is slightly off-center, with portions of the marginal legend occasionally weak at the periphery. The overall design follows the established Almohad-derived square-in-circle format adopted and continued by the Hafsid dynasty. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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