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| 正面描述 | 登录 以查看详情 |
|---|---|
| 正面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 正面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面描述 | The central device depicts a square (lozenge-oriented) shield of the House of Dreux, quartered with an ermine canton in one quarter, rendered in the heraldic style typical of mid-thirteenth-century Breton feudal coinage. The shield is boldly struck in relief and occupies most of the field. A circumferential Latin legend runs between the inner and outer borders around the coin's periphery. The flan is irregular, as expected for hammered billon coinage of this period. |
| 背面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面铭文 | ✠ BRITANIE (Translation: ... of Brittany.) |
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| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸造量 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 附加信息 |
John I ruled Brittany for nearly five decades, and his coinage reflects a reign long enough to produce substantial die variation across multiple phases of production. The denier references cluster around mid-13th century monetary reforms in the French feudal system, when regional lords were under increasing pressure from the Capetian crown to standardize — and in some cases surrender — their minting rights. John resisted this encroachment longer than most of his contemporaries.
The square shield type is catalogued distinctly from John's other denier issues precisely because of heraldic specificity in die execution, not mere design whim.